Abstract:
We have studied the effect of suppressed IVM on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes, aiming at elucidating the importance of cytoplasmic maturation in fertilization and embryo development. Six replicates of abattoir-derived oocytes were randomly divided into three IVM groups. Control (n ? 950): TCM-199 with glutamax-I (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 0.25 mM Na-pyruvate, 100 IU mL-1 penicillin and 100 ?g mL-1 streptomycin, 50 ng mL-1 FSH, and 10? fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco); Serum?FSH-free (n ? 944): same as control but without FSH and FBS; ?-amanitin (n ? 977): same as control but with 10 ?g mL-1 ?-amanitin. Nuclear maturation of oocytes was studied 24 h after the onset of IVM, the formation of sperm aster structure 10 hours post-insemination (hpi) and the formation of pronuclei 20 hpi. Sperm aster was visualized with ?-tubulin antibody (modified from Navara et al. 1999 Dev. Biol. 162, 29?40). Presumptive zygotes were cultured until Day 7 in modified SOFaaci ? 4 mg mL-1 fatty acid-free BSA in 5? O2. Cumulus cell expansion was seen only in the control group. The results of nuclear maturation, fertilization, and embryo development are summarized in Table 1. Serum and FSH deprivation did not have a statistically significant effect on the parameters studied (vs. control). ?-amanitin exposure during IVM reduced nuclear maturation, fertilization, and Day 3 embryo cleavage vs. control, and resulted in total blockage of Day 7 blastocyst development. The treatment groups had significantly smaller mean diameters of male pronuclei (control: 14 � 0.6 ?�_m; serum?FSH-free: 12 � 0.5 ?�_m, P < 0.05; ?-amanitin: 10 � 0.6 ?�_m, P < 0.001) and sperm asters (control: 86 � 4 ?�_m; serum?FSH-free: 82 � 4 ?�_m, P < 0.01; ?-amanitin: 49 � 7 ?m, P < 0.001) (nonparametric Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests) vs. control group. Despite reduction in pronucleus and sperm aster diameter, serum and FSH deprivation during IVM did not affect in vitro developmental competence of bovine oocytes, suggesting a need for re-evaluation of the components of IVM. ?-Amanitin exposure in IVM disturbed nuclear maturation, fertilization, and embryo development, indicating the essence of early transcription.