Abstract:
Techniques for using grid and unmarked transparent perspex overlays to estimate the area of tufted native perennial grasses were investigated in field and laboratory studies. Basal area was overestimated by using an unmarked overlay to trace the periphery of actual or atificial plant bases at ground level; this was caused by the amount of airspace included in the estimate. The compression of hand-held tufts reduced the airspace and improved the estimate of plant basal area. In the laboratory studies, the estimation by eye of filled cells in a transparent grid overlay was accurate over a range of areas from 0.02 to 10.39 cm2, although it required considerable operator training. Changes in herbage mass occur as a result of change in the number of plants per unit area (plant density), the basal area of individual plants or the plant mass per unit of basal area of individual plants. Field studies were undertaken at two sites to collect data on each of these components of herbage mass and to investigate whether or not such information could be used to estimate the herbage mass of individual species in a pasture. The relationship between the mass per unit basal area of certain plant parts would appear to have some potential for use in studies of the seasonal changes in various plant components, such as green leaf and stem. This relationship could be used to examine the response of some species to fertilizer application, grazing and defoliation and hence the process of change in species composition with management. Estimates of the herbage mass per unit area of individual native perennial grasses calculated from plant density, plant basal area and mass per unit of basal area data compared favourably with estimates of total herbage mass of individual species obtained from clipped quadrats. Suggested techniques for collecting data in the field and the time involved in sampling are discussed.